The present study was conducted to determine peak ground acceleration (PGA) over bedrock in probabilistic analysis methods for the seismic hazard and uniform hazard spectra at different hazard levels for Esfahan city. A series of statistics containing historical and instrumental seismic data covering from the 8th century A.D. to the now up to a radius of 200 km was employed and seismic sources were modeled up to a radius of 200 km from Esfahan city. For this purpose the method proposed by Kijko (2000) was employed considering uncertainty in magnitude and incomplete earthquake catalogue. Seismic hazard analysis is then carried out for Esfahan city by using SEISRlSK III (Bender and Perkins, 1987) program for 11×13 grid points. Four different attenuation relationships of PGA and SA with logic tree were used to determine the PGA on bedrock. The PGA can be determined for 143 points and the hazard spectra can be specified for 20 points of the city. Covering %2 and %10 probability of exceedance in one life cycle of 50 years are presented. Finally, the uniform hazard spectra was also presented with %10 and %2 of probability of exceedance in one life cycles of 50 years are presented along with New Mark and Hall Spectra.

This paper was present a seismic hazard analysis and uniform hazard spectra for different regions of Kerman city. A collected catalogue containing both historical and instrumental events and covering the period from 8th century AD until now within the area of 200 Km in radius were used and Seismic sources are modeled. Kijko method has been applied for estimating the seismic parameters considering lack of suitable seismic data, inaccuracy of the available information and uncertainty of magnitude in different periods. To determine the peak ground acceleration the calculations were performed by using the logic tree method. Two weighted attenuation relations were used; including Ghodrati et al, 0.6 and Zare et al, 0.4. analysis was conducted for 13´8 grid points over Kerman region and adjacent areas with SEISRISK III software and in order to determine the seismic spectra Ghodrati et al, spectral attenuation relationships was used.

This paper presents an assessment of the seismic hazard for the Markazi province. For approach to this aim based on Seismotectonic conditions, regional earthquake dam and seismicity analyses the active faults and potential seismic sources of the region are identified and illustrated in a seismotectonic map. By using different techniques such as "Time Normalization" a model of earthquake sources has been prepared. The appropriate attenuation laws are selected and earthquake hazard analysis has been done for the province using an analysis point interval scale of 0.1x 0.1 geographical degrees. Iso-acceleration maps have been compiled afterwards for return periods of 50, 100, 200 and 500 years. Finally, a hazard macrozonation map has been compiled and presented.According to the result of this research, Markazi province could be divided into VI zones from earthquake hazard point of view.Earthquake hazard is high in north of Markazi province, medium and low in central and west.

The geological position and faults of Iran have caused earthquakes in the country throughout history. Assessing the seismic hazard of Tehran as the capital and its suburbs due to direct impact on the city of Tehran is very important from the viewpoint of earthquakes and the risks and possible damage caused by possible earthquakes to rehabilitate the more dangerous and vulnerable areas, as well as the creation of suitable facilities for the time of crisis. . . The hashtgerd range has high seismic activity due to its geographic proximity to Tehran. This is due to the construction of Hashtgerd new town, which has caused the extraordinary increase of human and urban densities in recent years to reduce the need of the region for more accurate and more rigorous surveying of seismicity. Risks make it special. In this research, using the conventional method of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, the study area is located at 250 km radius of seismic studies and the estimated seismic riskiness of the area was estimated by analyzing the results. According to the study, the north and east of the region have higher fault densities. Also, according to the iso-acceleration map for a return period of 475 years, the maximum values are in the northern and northeastern strips as discrete zones and also in the southwest of Hashtgerd city in Najmabad area. The southern margin of the Alborz province generally has relatively less accelerated areas. The Hashtgerd city in the high danger zone ranges from 0. 38 g to 46 g. Also, the map for the return period of 2475 years indicates that the maximum values are in the south of Hashtgerd, and Hashtgerd is in the range with an acceleration range greater than 0. 68-0. 85g.

Based on regional seismicity records and seismotectonic conditions, this paper presents a probabilistic assessment of the seismic hazard for the Hong Kong region. The potential seismic source zones are identified and the resultant seismic ground motion parameters evaluated. The pertinent attenuation relations proposed by various authors are analyzed. Uncertainty analyses are also conducted. The main conclusion is that the peak acceleration on bedrock lies is in the range of 75-115gal for the Hong Kong region, corresponding to a 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years. The basic seismic intensity for the same probability of occurrence is rated as VII for the study area.

In this research, evaluation of statistical methods in Predication of landslide hazard has been performed using data Processed by Geographic Information System (GIS). For this purpose, Rudbar area as an appropriate example for north part of the Iran was selected.Our investigation indicates that lithology distance from faults, vegetation cover, land use, rain fall, and maximum acceleration rate are the main landslide controlling factors in the area. Each of these factors was used as a thematic layer for landslide hazard zonation mapping.Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were used for landslide hazard analysis. Regression analysis indicates that classification of each parameter map into a number of relavant calsses such as slope, rainfall, . . . reduces accuracy of prediction. Also weighting of samples based on area of each unit and landslide occurrence increase accurracy.In general, among univariate statistical analaysis, area density method represents better results. Multivariate analysis indicates appropriate results for continous data compared to discrete data. On the other hand weighting of samples based on values such as area of ground units or percentage of landslide in each unite improves the results.

The hazard analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system is designed to ensure the safety of food products. The establishment of this system in food production units identifies special risks and necessary measures to control and prevent the occurrence of risks. Also, in case of hazard, it predicts corrective measures along the food chain (from farm to table). Increasing the awareness of the interested users (quality control managers of production units, experts and students) about how to establish an efficient and continuous HACCP system is very important. The 14 stages of establishing the HACCP system include: Regulation and policy of food quality management, forming a group (team), defining the scope of application, describing the product, describing the use cases, drawing the work flow diagram, confirming the process flow diagram on site by the team and following steps (7 principles) including: conducting a hazard analysis and identify control measures, determining the Critical Control Points (CCPs), determining the critical limit or limits for each CCP, creating a monitoring system for each CCP, determining corrective measures for possible deviations, determining methods for confirming the system (verification), and finally, the establishment of the archiving and documentation system, which is given in the national standard of Iran under number 4557.